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Computer Science (CS)

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Technical Reports and Gray Literatue

Technical reports are publications written to present the results of research or projects performed under contract with a government agency or a corporate body. Technical reports most commonly encountered by students are from agencies such as NASA or the Department of Energy.

For more information and some history, the Science Reference Services of the Library of Congress has a useful overview of technical reports:  About Technical Reports and Standards.

Technical reports are sometimes described as "gray (or grey) literature." Gray literature is a term used to describe publications that fall outside the mainstream publication areas such as journals and books.

Examples of gray literature are reports, white papers, preprints, reprints, leaflets, pamphlets, manuals, etc. Descriptions of gray literature sometimes include other publications such as patents, conference proceedings, theses and dissertations.

 


Technical Reports Databases


For more information, refer to the Technical Reports Guide:

Cite Your Sources!

La Geode, by Samyra Serin
Photo by S. Serin (2008)

When creating your project, remember to cite everything you did not write / create / think up on your own, including images / graphs / charts / maps / datasets you borrow from online sources. Below are some tools to help you cite your sources correctly.

To see examples, visit the following websites:

To learn more about the importance of academic integrity, please see

IEEE Citation Tutorial

Tutorial Quiz

Now that you've finished watching the video, take this quiz to complete the tutorial.  You will need a score of at least 75% to pass.  A passing score will result in a certificate screen appearing, which you can screenshot to save a copy for your professor if needed.

Creating an Annotated Bibliography as part of the Research Process

At the very least your annotated bibliography should contain a correctly formatted citation for each source and a brief description of that source, usually about a paragraph. This paragraph should review the following: 

  1. Provide a summary of the source's main ideas including any research methods 
  2. Provide information on why you find the source to be credible 
  3. Discuss why this source is relevant to your research and how you plan to utilize the findings